RVSM
（大气数据测试仪、压力校验仪）
最小垂直间隔（RVSM ReducedVerticalSeparationMinimum ）是指在实行RVSM运行的空域内，在FL290至FL410（包含这两个高度层)之间的垂直间隔标准由2000英尺缩小到1000英尺。按照这样的标准从事的飞行活动称之为最小垂直间隔飞行。另外我们还要知道什么是RVSM的转换空域：从非RVSM空域到RVSM空域之间的转换空域，即从2000英尺垂直间隔的标准垂直间隔空域过渡到1000英尺垂直间隔的RVSM空域，或者离开1000英尺垂直间隔的RVSM空域，进入到2000英尺垂直间隔的区域，称作RVSM转换区域。
有时由于天气条件和交通情况的综合原因，在当地区域空中交通管制（ATC）宣布暂时停止RVSM运行那一时刻，保持飞机的垂直间隔由原来的1000英尺扩大到2000英尺；或者区域航空管制宣布取消暂时停止RVSM运行的禁令那一时刻，飞机从2000英尺垂直间隔变为1000英尺的垂直间隔，同一区域的垂直间隔的转换也称作RVSM转换区域。
RVSM运行历史：
20世纪60年代，由于当时民用客机所使用的压力感应式气压高度表在高度超过FL300后灵敏度会大幅降低，而飞机的最佳巡航高度已经显著增加，因此，在FL290高度层飞行的民用飞机之间的标准垂直间隔改为2000英尺，同时，国际民航组织（ICAO）也于1966年作出飞机的转换高度为FL290的相关规定。随着科学技术的发展，越来越多高精度的高度测量设备相继出现，加之全球空管水平不断提高，缩小航空器垂直飞行间隔成为当务之急。
80年代初，国际民用航空组织（ICAO）成立专门小组，开始探讨有关修改航空器垂直飞行间隔标准问题。经过各种风险评估后认为：在FL290以上空域飞行的最小垂直间隔从600米（2000英尺）缩减到300米（1000英尺）在技术上是可行的，可以满足预定的安全标准，使空域容量大大增加，并且能够带来显著的经济效益。
在90年，首先在大西洋实施了缩小垂直间隔（RVSM）的运行，并根据运行的经验制定了相应的运行规范和有关规章。
1997年首先在北大西洋航路或空域从FL330—FL370（含这两个高度层）之间实施了300米（1000英尺）的垂直间隔试运行，一年以后，试运行高度层扩展到FL310－FL390。随后在太平洋区域也进行了相关试运行。
2007年11月22日，在中国境内高空开始实施RVSM，实施缩小垂直间隔之前，我国8400米以上飞行高度层实施600米的垂直间隔。缩小垂直间隔之后，缩小为300米，飞机巡航高度层将由原来7个增加到13个。
RVSM
Reduced Vertical Separation Minima or Minimum (RVSM) is an aviation term used to describe the reduction of the standard vertical separation required between aircraft flying at levels between FL290 (29,000 ft.) and FL410 (41,000 ft.) from 2,000 feet to 1,000 feet (or between 8,900 metres and 12,500 metres from 600 metres to 300 metres in China). This therefore increases the number of aircraft that can safely fly in a particular volume of airspace. The North Atlantic System Groups that implemented RVSM first determined that they were only implementing a change to one minimum from 2,000' to 1,000'; therefore, that minimum being singular the correct terminology is minimum not minima.
Historically, standard vertical separation was 1,000 feet from the surface to FL290, 2,000 feet from FL290 to FL410 and 4,000 feet above this. This was because the accuracy of the pressure altimeter used in aircraft to determine the altitude decreases with height. However over time Air data computers (ADC) combined with altimeters have become more accurate and autopilots more adept at maintaining a set level, therefore it became apparent that for many modern aircraft, the 2,000 foot separation was too cautious. It was therefore proposed by ICAO that this be reduced to 1,000 feet.
Between 1997 and 2005 RVSM was implemented in all of Europe, North Africa, Southeast Asia and North America, South America, and over the North Atlantic, South Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans. The North Atlantic implemented initially in March 1997 at flight levels 330 through 370. The entire western hemisphere implemented RVSM FL290-FL410 on January 20, 2005.
Only aircraft with specially certified altimeters and autopilots may fly in RVSM airspace, otherwise the aircraft must fly lower or higher than the airspace, or seek special exemption from the requirements. Additionally, aircraft operators (airlines or corporate operators) must receive specific approval from the aircraft's state of registry in order to conduct operations in RVSM airspace.
Critics of the change are concerned that by reducing the space between aircraft, RVSM may increase the number of mid-air collisions and conflicts. In the ten years since RVSM was first implemented not one collision has been attributed to RVSM. In the US this program was known as the Domestic Reduced Separation Minimum (DRVSM).
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